Researchers have long struggled to explain how Earth’s solid inner core formed, cooled, and crystallized without undergoing extreme supercooling. But a recent study published in Nature ...

The Earth’s inner core, a solid sphere predominantly composed of iron and nickel, occupies a central role in our planet’s evolution and geodynamo processes. Although hidden beneath thousands of ...

Three-color background image also uses data from European Space Agency (ESA) Herschel Space Observatory and the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) MeerKAT Radio Telescope. Galactic ...

Deep beneath our feet, far beyond the reach of drills or submersibles, Earth hides a solid metal heart that behaves in ways geophysicists have struggled to explain. New experiments now suggest that a ...

The solid inner core at the center of the Earth, surrounded by the outer core, mantle and crust. Here’s why: While it is well known that a material must be at or below its freezing temperature to be ...

Cartoon of the Earth with cutaway showing the mantle and inner and outer core. Magnetic field lines produced by the geodynamo extend into space and interact with the solar wind. The iron-rich core at ...

Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...

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James is a published author with multiple pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, space, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.View full profile James is a ...

Earth’s inner core has long puzzled scientists because seismic waves move through it unevenly. Compressional waves from earthquakes travel about 3 to 4 percent faster along the planet’s rotation axis ...